Thermometers that depend on the Seebeck (thermoelectric)
effect have been in use for many years. The thermocouples
(sensors) used in these instruments are formed by two wires
of dissimilar metal joined either at each end (two-terminal) or
at one end (three-terminal) to form an electrical circuit. If the
junctions are at different temperatures, a current will flow in
the circuit. The magnitude of the current is proportional to the
characteristics of the materials and the difference between the
two end temperatures.These sensors are robust, inexpensive,
available in a variety of shapes and sizes, and suitable for use
over a wide range of temperatures.
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