Playful Lights
Just three LEDs...
Here’s a recipe to make LEDs produce slow, continuous light effects rather than abrupt changes normally obtained from square-wave drive signals.
If you are after really accurate control of one or more LEDs, the best option by far is pulsewidth modulation (PWM) which is usually obtained from a dedicated PWM chip or a suitably programmed microcontroller. On the other hand, if the blink frequency not terriblyimportant, other, much simpler methods are available. For example, get out two square-wave oscillators running at slightly different frequencies and mix their outputs together in an XOR exclusive-OR) logic gate. That’s all it takes to build a beat-frequency oscillator whose low-frequency output signal may be pulse-width modulated in
triangular(-ish) fashion.
Materials
Gerber file
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Component list
R1,R8,R9,R10 = 1kO
R5,R6,R7 = 2k2
R2,R3,R4 = 976 1%
P1,P2,P3 = 50 preset
Capacitors:
C1-C4 = 22µF 16V radial
C5-C8 = 100nF
Semiconductors:
D1 = LED, green, low current
D2 = LED, yellow, low current
D3 = LED, red, low current
or:
D1,D2,D3 = RGB LED (e.g., Conrad Electronics # 185388 - 8B)
D4 = 1N4148
T1,T2,T3 = BC547
IC1 = 74HCT132
IC2 = 74HCT86
IC3 = 7805
Miscellaneous:
K1 = 9-V PP3 battery with clip-on leads
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